[SKRIPSI] KERAGAMAN ARTHROPODA PERMUKAAN TANAH PADA DUA TIPE PENGELOLAAN LAHAN KAKAO DI KECAMATAN GANTARANG KEKE KABUPATEN BANTAENG

 

KERAGAMAN ARTHROPODA PERMUKAAN TANAH PADA DUA TIPE  PENGELOLAAN LAHAN KAKAO DI KECAMATAN GANTARANG KEKE KABUPATEN BANTAENG


MUHAMMAD IKRAM

G111 15 043


Departemen hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan

Fakultas Pertanian

Universitas Hasanuddin 


ABSTRAK

MUHAMMAD IKRAM (G111 15 043) “Keragaman Arthropoda Permukaan Tanah Pada Dua Tipe  Pengelolaan  Lahan Kakao Di Kecamatan Gantarang Keke Kabupaten Bantaeng” (di bawah bimbingan VIEN SARTIKA DEWI dan SYLVIA SJAM).

 

 

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman Arthropoda permukaan tanah pada pertanaman kakao di lahan konvensional dan non konvensional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun petani di Kecamatan Gantarang Keke Kabupaten Bantaeng berlangsung mulai tanggal 25 Mei sampai dengan 30 Juli 2020. Luas masing-masing lahan yang digunakan yaitu ± 1 Ha. Pengambilan sampel arthropoda tanah dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkap Pitfall trap yang bertujuan untuk menangkap arthropoda pada pertanaman kakao yang berada dipermukaan tanah. Terdapat 30 pitfall trap pada tiap lahan. Pengamatan dilakukan selama delapan kali dengan pengambilan data setiap 2 kali dalam seminggu dan dilakukan pada pukul 07.00 WITA. Serangga yang diperoleh pada setiap perangkap dikumpulkan dan diberi label sesuai plot  pengamatan  kemudian  dimasukkan ke dalam botol koleksi yang berisi alkohol 70% untuk diidentifikasi berdasarkan jenis dan peranannya. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan indeks keragaman arthropoda. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan keanekaragaman arthropoda tertinggi yaitu pada lahan konvensional ditemukan sebanyak 26 famili dan 7499 individu sedangkan pada lahan  konvensional yang ditemukan sebanyak 22 famili dan 5545 individu. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi dari beberapa jenis Arthtropoda, Collembola adalah salah satu jenis arthropoda yang cukup banyak ditemukan pada lahan kakao terutama pada lahan konvensional yaitu sebanyak 4504 individu. hasil analisis indeks keanekaragaman (H') menunjukkan bahwa pada perkebunan kakao di lahan konvensional (2,2116) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan lahan non konvensional (2,1956) dengan nilai tolak ukur indeks keanekaragaman 1,0 < H’ < 3,322 (Keanekaragaman sedang, produktivitas dan kondisi ekosistem cukup seimbang).

 

Kata Kunci : kakao, arthropoda, lahan konvensional, lahan non konvensional

ABSTRACT

 

MUHAMMAD IKRAM (G111 15 043) “The Diversity of Soil Surface Arthropods in Two Types of Cocoa Land Management in Gantarang Keke District, Bantaeng Regency.” (Supervised by VIEN SARTIKA DEWI and SYLVIA SJAM)

The purpose of research is to determine the diversity of soil surface arthropods in cocoa plantations on conventional and non-conventional land. The research was conducted in a farmer's garden in Gantarang Keke District, Bantaeng Regency, since 25 May until 30 July 2020. The area of ​​each land used is ± 1 Ha. Arthropod sampling was carried out by using the trap method, namely the Pitfall trap, which aims to capture arthropods in cocoa plantations on the soil surface. There are 30 pitfall traps on each land. Observations were made eight times with data collection every 2 times a week and carried out at 07.00 WITA. The insects obtained in each trap were collected and labeled according to the observation plot and then put into a collection bottle containing 70% alcohol to be identified based on their type and role. Furthermore, the arthropod diversity index was calculated. The results showed that the highest diversity of arthropods was found on conventional land as many as 26 families and 7499 individuals, while on conventional land there were 22 families and 5545 individuals. Based on the identification result of several types of arthropods, Collembola is a type of arthropod that is quite common in cocoa fields, especially on conventional land, which is as many as 4504 individuals. The results of the analysis of the diversity index (H') showed that the conventional land cocoa plantations (2,2116) was higher than the non-conventional land (2.1956) with the benchmark value  of diversity index 1,0 < H’ < 3,322 (moderate diversity, productivity and fairly balanced ecosystem condition).

Key Words : Cocoa, Arthropod, conventional land, non-conventional land




https://docs.google.com/document/d/1zZhRy-8pL2bftHMNM7ZzrTkzcxU-YFWE1Ef_EZjn8Eg/edit?usp=sharing

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